Geographers use various methods and tools, including fieldwork, cartography (mapmaking), remote sensing, satellite imagery, surveys, statistical analysis, and computer modeling, to study and interpret the Earth's features and processes. Their research and analysis contribute to our understanding of the world's complexities, assist in solving environmental and societal challenges, and inform policy decisions at local, national, and global levels. Geographers often work in academia, research institutions, government agencies, environmental organizations, urban planning, and various industries where spatial analysis and understanding are essential.